WEEK TEN & ELEVEN 

Differences that existed between Centers of Civilization in Pre-colonial Nigeria

DAY 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. Examine the reasons for the differences between the centre of civilization in pre-colonial Nigeria.
2. Analyze the differences between the centers, merits and limitation on Nigeria today.

Reasons for the differences in the centers of civilization in pre-colonial Nigeria:

1. Trade Routes: The presence of trade routes, both internal and external, played a crucial role in determining the prominence of certain regions. 
2. Political Organization: The political organization of different ethnic groups and kingdoms influenced the establishment and dominance of civilization centers. 
3. Ethnic and Cultural Diversity: The legacy of pre-colonial civilization centers contributes to Nigeria’s rich ethnic and cultural diversity. Different regions retain distinct cultural identities, languages, and traditions, reflecting their historical significance as centers of civilization. 
4. Cultural Preservation and Tourism: The legacy of pre-colonial civilization centers has contributed to the preservation of cultural heritage and the development of tourism in Nigeria.
5. Infrastructure Development: The historical significance of pre-colonial civilization centers has influenced the allocation of infrastructure development projects in contemporary Nigeria.

Differences Between Kanem- Borno Empire and Hausa States

The following are the differences between Kanem-Borno Empire and Hausa States:

1. Kanem-Borno origin can be traced to the Maghumi people while that of the Hausa states can be traced to Bayajidda.
2. Kanem-Borno people speak Kanuri language while people of Hausa states speak Hausa.
3. Islam was introduced to Kanem-Borno around the11th century while it was introduced to Hausa states in the 15th century. 
4. Kanem-Borno empire was located in the North-East of the present-day Nigeria, while Hausa states were located in the North West of Nigeria.
5. In Kanem-Borno, the rulers were addressed as Mai but rulers were called Shehu in Hausa states.
6. In Kanem-Borno, the ruling Seifawa dynasty gave way to the Shehu dynasty in 1846, while the Hausa Sarkis gave way to the Emirs in 1804.
7. The Seifawa dynasty in Kanem-Borno was reputed to have lasted for a thousand years, thus establishing itself as the longest in West Africa. In Hausa states, the Saurata system did not last long.

Differences Between Ife and Benin Kingdom

1. Ife artists produced glass beads, while Benin artists produced varieties of beads and sculptures.
2. Ife’s civilization was located in the South West of Nigeria, while that of Benin was in the South-South of Nigeria.
3. Ife’s civilization was known to have developed and flourished between the 12th and the 16th centuries, while that of Benin developed and flourished from the 15th to the 19th centuries.
4. The civilization of Ife was associated with bronze, while that of Benin was identified with brass and bronze.
5. By the early 16th century, the civilization of Ife began to decline, while that of Benin declined in the 19th century.
6. Ife people speak Yoruba language, while people of Benin Empire speak Edo as their major language.
7. Ife was first ruled by Oduduwa the father of the Yoruba while Benin kingdom had the Ogisos as their first rulers.

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