The Influence of Parents’ Socio-economic Status on Students’ Academic Performance

The Influence of Parents’ Socio-economic Status on Students’ Academic Performance in Nigeria’s educational system. This is the chapter three of the project research.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This section deals with the strategy employed in carrying out the research. It is organized under the following subheadings: Research Design, Research Area and population of the study, sample and sampling technique, Instrumentation, validation of the instrument, administration of instrument, and strategy of data analysis.

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Research Design

The design of the study was a survey research design.  The home variables under this study were: parents’ educational level and income level being independent sub-variables that had already occurred in the course of teaching and learning biology. Hence the researcher intervenes to compare the academic performance of Senior Secondary School Two (SS1I) Biology students in Urue Offong/Oruko Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State.

Research Area

This research was carried out in Urue Offong/Oruko Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. In September 1991, Urue-Offong/Oruko Local Government Area was carved out of Oron Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State. Urue-Offong/Oruko is made up of Afaha, Mbodong, Ibighi, Ukwong, Obiuso, and Ebughu districts. Oruko was the economic capital of the Oron people. It was home to a huge market (Urue Oruko) in the 1800s where several traders from mainly Hausa people, Ilaje, and Igbo people came to sell their goods, an unfortunate event occur where several people died close to Sixty after a huge ancestral tree fell and people died due to stampede in the late 1890s. Again in Urue Oruko, hundreds of Oron people (mostly traders and women) were killed during the Nigerian Civil War in the late 1960s. This unfortunate event has been observed in Oron to be the most tragic in the history of the Nigerian Civil War (Talbot, 2013).

Urue-Offong/Oruko is in the tropical region and has a uniformly high temperature all year round. The two main seasons are dry which spans between October and April and the wet season which starts around May and ends in September. There are also two prevailing winds the South-West onshore winds which bring heavy rains and the North- East trade winds blowing across the Sahara Desert, which brings in the dry season. Although very rich in sea-foods, palm oil, and farm crops, the area is also rich in crude oil, it ranks among the richest Local Government Areas in crude oil deposits found in Oro, Mbo, Okobo, Oron, and Udung Uko. The area also has a large deposit of clay and other solid minerals like gravel, fine stones, silica sand, etc. The occupation of the people is traditionally fishermen, traders, and farmers. According to Local Education Committee (L.E.C), four (4) public secondary schools exist. The exposure of the citizen to various trades and interaction with other ethnic groups enhance the educational advancement of the Urue Offong/Oruko indigene.

3.3 Population of the Study

This study’s population was comprised of all senior secondary two (SS2) students in all four (4) public secondary schools in Urue Offong/Oruko Local Government Area in the 2021/2022 academic session. The target population consists of 1614 SS2 students from four (4) public secondary schools. The researcher chose the senior secondary two classes because it is an intact class and does not have a distraction from admission and external examination.

3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique

A total of 200 senior secondary two (SS2) students were selected from four public secondary schools in Urue Offong/Oruko Local Government Area and used as the sample size. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the students while the schools were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The aspect of stratification is school location (that is North, East, West, and South).

3.5 Instrumentation

The instruments used for gathering the needed data for the study were Questionnaire on Home Variables (QHV) and a standardized examination record in Biology in the 2021/2022 academic session.

3.6 Validation of the Instrument

The instrument used in collecting the needed information for the study was validated by the supervisor and certified as meeting the research requirement. The Questionnaire on Home Variables (QHV) and Past Results of Students in Biology in the 2021/2022 academic session was developed by the researcher and the draft copy was shown to the research’s supervisor and two other experts in the Biology department in the College of Education, Afaha Nsit. Corrections were made and suitability was also checked. The instruments were finally approved for use to ensure accuracy.

Administration of the instrument

scary letters were written to obtain permission to use their schools for the research. When the request was granted, the researcher was introduced to the head of science teachers who further directed the researcher to the Biology teachers who acted as the administration of the instruments. The researcher further administered the Questionnaire on Home Variables (QHV) with the assistance of the Biology teachers of the selected schools after completion, the researcher collected the instruments at the spot for analysis. The researcher further requested for Questionnaire on Home Variables (QHV) and Past Results of Students in Biology in the 2021/2022 academic session from the Vice Principals’ Academics of the selected schools.

Method of Data Analysis

The data obtained for the study were analyzed using an independent t-test and the result was tested at 0.05 levels of significance.

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with data analysis relating to the hypotheses and is discussed under the following sub-headings: Results; Discussion of Results and Summary of Findings

 Results

Hypothesis One:

There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students based on parental education

Table 2: t-test Analysis  of Academic performance of students based on parental

education

Significant at P<0.05

From Table 1, the result showed that calculated t-value (t-cal.) is 9.07 and……………..see more

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