2026 WAEC GCE Agriculture 3 Practical Questions and Answers | Objective & Essay Exam Guide
Original WAEC-Style Practice Examination
Important Notice:
This is an original practice examination created in a WAEC-style format for revision. It is not an actual 2026 WAEC GCE examination paper, leaked paper, prediction, or reproduction of an unreleased examination. The questions are designed to help candidates practise specimen identification, observation, agricultural calculations, practical application and examination techniques.
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2026 WAEC GCE AGRICULTURE 3
PRACTICAL MOCK EXAMINATION
Time: 1 Hour 30 Minutes
Instructions to Candidates
- Answer all questions.
- Study each specimen or description carefully before answering.
- Present observations clearly.
- Show all working for calculations.
- Use correct agricultural terminology.
- This is a practice examination and should not be presented as the actual WAEC examination.
QUESTION 1: FARM TOOLS AND THEIR USES
Study the following described specimens:
A: Cutlass
B: Rake
C: Shovel
D: Wheelbarrow
(a)
State two uses of each of specimens A, B and C.
(b)
State three maintenance practices for specimen D.
(c)
State two safety precautions when using specimen A.
(d)
Name one farm operation for which each of specimens A, B and C is particularly suitable.
ANSWER
(a)
Specimen A, Cutlass:
- Clearing vegetation.
- Slashing weeds and bushes.
- Pruning certain plants.
- Harvesting some crops.
Specimen B, Rake:
- Gathering leaves and farm debris.
- Levelling seedbeds.
- Spreading manure.
- Breaking small soil clods.
Specimen C, Shovel:
- Transferring soil.
- Transferring manure.
- Digging.
- Loading farm materials.
(b)
Maintenance practices for a wheelbarrow include:
- Cleaning it after use.
- Drying it properly after washing.
- Lubricating the wheel and bearing.
- Maintaining the correct tyre pressure.
- Tightening loose nuts and bolts.
- Repairing damaged parts.
- Storing it in a dry place.
(c)
Safety precautions when using a cutlass include:
- Wearing appropriate protective footwear.
- Keeping other people at a safe distance.
- Maintaining a firm grip.
- Ensuring that the working area is clear.
- Carrying the cutlass safely when moving around.
(d)
- Cutlass: clearing or slashing vegetation.
- Rake: gathering debris or levelling a seedbed.
- Shovel: transferring soil or manure.
QUESTION 2: SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Four soil specimens are labelled P, Q and R.
A student performs the following tests:
- A small amount of each soil is rubbed between the fingers.
- Each sample is moistened and rolled into a thread.
- The student attempts to form a ring.
The following observations are made:
P: Very gritty, cannot form a long thread and cannot form a ring.
Q: Smooth and sticky, forms a long thread and forms a complete ring.
R: Moderately smooth, forms a short weak thread and cracks when an attempt is made to form a ring.
(a)
Identify the likely soil texture of P, Q and R.
(b)
State two agricultural characteristics of soil P.
(c)
State two agricultural characteristics of soil Q.
(d)
Which specimen is most suitable for general crop production? Give three reasons.
(e)
State two crops that can perform well in sandy soil.
ANSWER
(a)
- P: Sandy soil.
- Q: Clayey soil.
- R: Loamy soil.
(b)
Characteristics of sandy soil include:
- It has large soil particles.
- It has good drainage.
- It is well aerated.
- It has relatively low water-holding capacity.
- It generally has lower nutrient-holding capacity than clay soil.
(c)
Characteristics of clay soil include:
- It has very fine particles.
- It has high water-holding capacity.
- It can hold considerable quantities of nutrients.
- It may have poor drainage when compacted or waterlogged.
- It can become sticky when wet.
(d)
Specimen R, the loamy soil, is generally suitable for crop production because:
- It has a good balance between drainage and water retention.
- It provides good aeration.
- It is relatively fertile.
- It is generally easier to cultivate.
(e)
Examples include:
- Groundnut.
- Cowpea.
- Millet.
- Cotton.
- Pigeon pea.
QUESTION 3: SOIL MOISTURE CALCULATION AND CONSERVATION
A 40 g sample of moist soil is placed in an oven. After drying, the sample weighs 30 g.
(a)
Calculate the mass of water lost from the sample.
(b)
Calculate the percentage moisture content using the original mass of the soil sample as the denominator.
(c)
State four methods of conserving soil moisture on a farm.
(d)
State two benefits of mulching.
ANSWER
(a)
Original mass of soil = 40 g
Dry mass = 30 g
Mass of water lost:
40 g − 30 g = 10 g
Therefore, the mass of water lost is 10 g.
(b)
Percentage moisture content:
Mass of water lost ÷ Original mass × 100
= 10 ÷ 40 × 100
= 25%
Therefore, the percentage moisture content is 25%.
(c)
Methods of conserving soil moisture include:
- Mulching.
- Cover cropping.
- Minimum or conservation tillage.
- Contour farming.
- Terracing.
- Addition of organic matter.
- Maintaining adequate vegetation cover.
- Establishing windbreaks.
(d)
Benefits of mulching include:
- It reduces evaporation.
- It helps maintain soil moisture.
- It suppresses weeds.
- It reduces soil erosion.
- It adds organic matter to the soil as it decomposes.
QUESTION 4: CROP PRODUCTION AND FARM INPUTS
Study the following specimens:
E: NPK fertilizer
F: Maize grain
G: A legume seed such as cowpea
H: Dry grass or plant residue suitable for mulch
(a)
State two uses of specimen E in crop production.
(b)
State two reasons why specimen G is important in a cropping system.
(c)
State three conditions necessary for good seed germination.
(d)
State three benefits of using specimen H as mulch.
(e)
A farmer applies 250 kg of fertilizer to 2 hectares. Calculate the application rate per hectare.
ANSWER
(a)
NPK fertilizer:
- Supplies essential plant nutrients.
- Provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
- Promotes healthy crop growth.
- Supports crop development and yield.
(b)
Legumes are important because:
- They can contribute nitrogen to the soil through symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
- They provide food.
- They can provide livestock feed.
- Their residues can contribute organic matter to the soil.
(c)
Conditions necessary for good seed germination include:
- Adequate moisture.
- Suitable temperature.
- Viable seed.
- Adequate oxygen.
- Appropriate planting depth.
(d)
Benefits of mulch include:
- Reduction of water loss through evaporation.
- Suppression of weeds.
- Reduction of soil erosion.
- Regulation of soil temperature.
- Addition of organic matter after decomposition.
(e)
Fertilizer applied = 250 kg
Land area = 2 hectares
Application rate:
250 ÷ 2 = 125 kg/ha
Therefore, the application rate is 125 kg per hectare.
QUESTION 5: LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
Study the following specimens:
I: Identification or neck tag
J: Drinking trough
K: Feed trough
L: Tick
(a)
State three uses of specimen I.
(b)
State two uses of specimen J.
(c)
State two uses of specimen K.
(d)
State three harmful effects of specimen L on livestock.
(e)
State two methods of controlling ticks on livestock.
ANSWER
(a)
A livestock identification tag can be used to:
- Identify individual animals.
- Support proper record keeping.
- Monitor individual animal performance.
- Help with tracking animals.
(b)
A drinking trough:
- Provides water for livestock.
- Makes water available in a controlled location.
- Helps reduce contamination of drinking water when properly maintained.
(c)
A feed trough:
- Provides feed to livestock.
- Helps reduce feed contamination.
- Reduces unnecessary feed wastage.
- Keeps feeding more organised.
(d)
Ticks can:
- Suck blood from livestock.
- Cause anaemia.
- Cause skin irritation.
- Damage the skin.
- Reduce animal productivity.
- Transmit disease-causing organisms.
(e)
Methods of controlling ticks include:
- Regular inspection of livestock.
- Proper removal of ticks.
- Use of approved acaricides.
- Maintaining clean animal housing.
- Good pasture management.
- Appropriate veterinary control measures.
QUESTION 6: FARM RECORDS AND AGRICULTURAL CALCULATIONS
A poultry farmer starts the week with 500 birds.
During the week:
- 20 birds die
- 30 birds are sold
(a)
Calculate the number of birds remaining at the end of the week.
(b)
Calculate the percentage mortality based on the opening stock.
(c)
State three reasons why farm records are important.
(d)
State two records that a poultry farmer should keep.
(e)
Mention two factors that can affect profitability in poultry production.
ANSWER
(a)
Opening stock = 500 birds
Deaths = 20 birds
Birds sold = 30 birds
Birds remaining:
500 − 20 − 30 = 450 birds
Therefore, 450 birds remain.
(b)
Percentage mortality:
Number of deaths ÷ Opening stock × 100
= 20 ÷ 500 × 100
= 4%
Therefore, the percentage mortality is 4%.
(c)
Farm records help farmers to:
- Monitor farm performance.
- Calculate profit or loss.
- Control expenditure.
- Plan production.
- Identify problems.
- Make better management decisions.
- Monitor livestock and crop performance.
(d)
Examples include:
- Feed record.
- Mortality record.
- Sales record.
- Vaccination record.
- Medication record.
- Stock record.
- Financial record.
- Egg production record.
(e)
Factors affecting profitability include:
- Cost of feed.
- Mortality rate.
- Selling price.
- Disease control costs.
- Labour costs.
- Productivity of the animals.
- Market demand.
GENERAL MARKING GUIDE
Award marks for correct agricultural facts that are clearly expressed.
Equivalent scientifically correct answers should be accepted where appropriate.
For specimen identification questions, award the mark where the correct specimen is clearly identified.
For questions involving uses, maintenance and advantages, do not award separate marks for points that are essentially the same.
For calculations, award method marks where the correct procedure is demonstrated even when there is a minor arithmetic error.
Suggested Mark Allocation
| Question | Suggested Marks |
|---|---|
| Question 1 | 14 |
| Question 2 | 13 |
| Question 3 | 11 |
| Question 4 | 12 |
| Question 5 | 12 |
| Question 6 | 12 |
Total Suggested Marks: 74
IMPORTANT AGRICULTURE 3 TOPICS TO REVISE
Candidates preparing for Agriculture 3 should pay particular attention to:
- Identification and uses of common farm tools.
- Maintenance of farm tools and equipment.
- Soil types and their physical properties.
- Soil texture tests.
- Soil moisture determination.
- Soil fertility and nutrient management.
- Soil and water conservation.
- Fertilizers and their uses.
- Seed selection and germination.
- Crop production practices.
- Livestock equipment.
- Common livestock pests.
- Livestock identification.
- Farm records.
- Agricultural calculations.
- Farm management and profitability.
EXAMINATION REVISION TIPS
Do not prepare for Agriculture 3 by memorising definitions alone.
Practise identifying farm tools and agricultural specimens from their physical characteristics. You should also be able to explain their uses, maintenance requirements and importance on the farm.
For soil questions, practise describing texture, drainage, water-holding capacity, aeration and fertility.
For calculation questions, always write the formula, substitute the figures and show the final answer with the correct unit.
For livestock questions, revise common pests, diseases, equipment, feeding materials, housing and management practices.
For farm-record questions, understand how to calculate stock changes, mortality percentages, production figures, costs and simple application rates.
The official WAEC Nigeria timetable confirms that Agriculture 3 is the Practical paper, SC5023/A, with a 1 hour 30 minute duration on 4 June 2026.
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