2026 WAEC GCE TECHNICAL DRAWING
Questions and Answers | Objective and Essay Exam Guide
Set by the Examiner — Original Model Practice Paper
Prepare confidently for the 2026 WAEC GCE Technical Drawing examination with this original practice guide. This exam guide contains 60 carefully written objective questions covering drawing instruments, types of lines, geometric construction, orthographic projection (First and Third Angle), isometric and oblique pictorial projection, scales and dimensioning, loci, development of surfaces, lettering, and building and assembly drawings, alongside 5 detailed essay questions with fully worked model answers and a complete marking guide. Designed strictly to reflect the current WAEC GCE Technical Drawing syllabus format and standard, this is an original practice resource for self-study and revision and is not an actual past or leaked WAEC question paper.
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Instructions to Candidates
1. This paper consists of two sections: Section A (Objective) and Section B (Essay).
2. Section A contains 60 objective questions. Answer ALL questions in this section.
3. Section B contains 5 essay questions. Answer as instructed by your teacher or invigilator (typically 4 out of 5).
4. Candidates should support essay answers with clearly labelled sketches or construction steps where relevant.
5. Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes (practice paper — adjust to your own revision schedule).
6. This is an original practice examination created strictly for revision purposes based on the general structure of the WAEC GCE Technical Drawing syllabus. It does not reproduce, predict, or represent any actual WAEC question paper.
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE TEST (60 Questions)
(A) T-square
(B) Compass
(C) Protractor
(D) French curve
2. A pair of compasses in technical drawing is mainly used to
(A) draw circles and arcs
(B) draw straight horizontal lines
(C) measure angles
(D) erase pencil marks
3. A set square is mainly used in technical drawing, along with a T-square, to draw
(A) circles of varying radii
(B) lines at standard angles such as 30, 45, 60 and 90 degrees
(C) freehand curves only
(D) lettering templates
4. A protractor is a drawing instrument mainly used to
(A) measure and mark angles
(B) draw parallel lines
(C) draw circles
(D) sharpen pencils
5. A French curve is a drawing instrument mainly used to draw
(A) straight lines only
(B) irregular curves that cannot be drawn with a compass
(C) right angles only
(D) standard geometric angles only
6. A scale rule in technical drawing is mainly used to
(A) draw objects at a reduced or enlarged size while maintaining accurate proportions
(B) measure angles only
(C) draw freehand sketches
(D) erase construction lines
7. A drawing board is mainly used to
(A) provide a smooth, flat, rigid surface on which paper is fixed for accurate drawing
(B) measure angles precisely
(C) store drawing instruments
(D) sharpen a pencil
8. The grade of pencil generally recommended for fine, light construction lines in technical drawing is a
(A) soft, dark grade such as 2B
(B) hard grade such as 2H or 4H
(C) very soft grade such as 6B
(D) grade unrelated to line darkness
9. In technical drawing, a continuous thick line is generally used to represent
(A) visible outlines and edges of an object
(B) hidden (invisible) edges
(C) centre lines
(D) construction lines only
10. A dashed (broken) line in technical drawing generally represents
(A) a visible edge
(B) a hidden (invisible) edge or surface
(C) a centre line
(D) a cutting plane exclusively
11. A long-chain thin line (alternating long and short dashes) is generally used in technical drawing to represent
(A) a centre line
(B) a visible outline
(C) a hidden edge
(D) the border of the drawing sheet
12. Dimension lines in technical drawing are generally drawn as
(A) continuous thin lines with arrowheads at each end
(B) thick, continuous lines only
(C) dashed lines representing hidden edges
(D) wavy freehand lines only
13. A border line on a technical drawing sheet is generally drawn as a
(A) continuous thick line marking the boundary of the drawing area
(B) dashed line only
(C) centre line only
(D) construction line meant to be erased
14. Construction lines in technical drawing are generally drawn
(A) very lightly, as they are used as guides and may not always be part of the finished visible drawing
(B) very thickly and darkly, identical to outlines
(C) as dashed lines representing hidden detail
(D) using a red pen for emphasis
15. To bisect a given straight line means to
(A) divide it into two equal parts
(B) extend it indefinitely in one direction
(C) measure its exact length only
(D) draw a parallel line beside it
16. To bisect a given angle means to
(A) divide it into two equal angles
(B) double its size
(C) measure it with a protractor only
(D) erase it completely
17. A polygon with five equal sides and five equal angles is called a regular
(A) hexagon
(B) pentagon
(C) heptagon
(D) octagon
18. A polygon with six equal sides and six equal angles is called a regular
(A) pentagon
(B) hexagon
(C) heptagon
(D) octagon
19. A line drawn from the centre of a circle to touch its circumference is called a
(A) diameter
(B) radius
(C) tangent
(D) chord
20. A straight line that touches a circle at exactly one point, without crossing it, is called a
(A) radius
(B) diameter
(C) tangent
(D) sector
21. A line segment joining two points on a circle’s circumference, not necessarily passing through the centre, is called a
(A) radius
(B) chord
(C) tangent
(D) diameter
22. An ellipse is a closed curve formed when a cone is cut by a plane that is
(A) parallel to its base
(B) inclined to its base but not parallel to its slant side
(C) passing through the apex only
(D) perpendicular to its axis and passing through the apex
23. A parabola is one of the conic sections formed when a cutting plane is
(A) parallel to the slant side (generator) of the cone
(B) perpendicular to the axis of the cone
(C) passing only through the apex of the cone
(D) parallel to the base of the cone
24. The construction of a regular polygon inscribed in a given circle typically begins by
(A) dividing the circle’s circumference into the required number of equal parts
(B) drawing random lines with no reference to the circle
(C) erasing the circle entirely before starting
(D) measuring only the diameter with no further construction
25. Orthographic projection is a drawing method used to represent a three-dimensional object using
(A) a single perspective view only
(B) two or more related two-dimensional views, such as front, top and side views
(C) freehand sketches with no measurement
(D) colour shading alone
26. In First Angle Orthographic Projection, the object is generally considered to be positioned
(A) between the observer and the plane of projection
(B) behind the plane of projection, with the observer between the object and the plane
(C) above the plane of projection only
(D) outside all projection planes
27. In Third Angle Orthographic Projection, the object is generally considered to be positioned
(A) between the observer and the plane of projection
(B) behind the plane of projection, with the plane between the observer and the object
(C) on the same exact spot as the plane of projection
(D) irrelevant to the position of the observer
28. In First Angle Projection, the plan (top view) of an object is typically placed
(A) above the front view
(B) below the front view
(C) to the extreme right of the front view
(D) nowhere on the drawing sheet
29. In Third Angle Projection, the plan (top view) of an object is typically placed
(A) below the front view
(B) above the front view
(C) diagonally opposite the front view
(D) always omitted from the drawing
30. The front view of an object in orthographic projection is also commonly referred to as the
(A) elevation
(B) plan
(C) section
(D) isometric view
31. The view of an object obtained by looking directly down on it from above is called the
(A) front elevation
(B) side elevation
(C) plan (top view)
(D) auxiliary view
32. A sectional view in technical drawing is used mainly to
(A) reveal the internal details of an object by showing it as if cut through by a plane
(B) hide all internal details of an object completely
(C) show only the external colour of an object
(D) replace the need for a front view entirely
33. Isometric projection is a pictorial drawing method in which the three principal axes of an object are drawn at equal angles of
(A) 45 degrees to each other
(B) 90 degrees to each other
(C) 120 degrees to each other
(D) 180 degrees to each other
34. In isometric drawing, all three axes are typically drawn so that
(A) measurements along each axis are made to the same, true scale
(B) only one axis retains its true measurement
(C) no measurements are taken at all
(D) the axes must always be curved lines
35. Oblique projection is a pictorial drawing method in which one face of the object is drawn
(A) true to shape and size, parallel to the picture plane, while receding lines are drawn at an angle
(B) always distorted and never true to shape
(C) invisible in the final drawing
(D) identical to an orthographic front view with no receding lines at all
36. In cavalier oblique projection, the receding lines of a drawing are typically drawn
(A) at their true, full length
(B) at half their true length
(C) completely omitted from the drawing
(D) always vertical, with no angle at all
37. In cabinet oblique projection, the receding lines of a drawing are typically drawn at
(A) their true, full length
(B) half their true length, to reduce visual distortion
(C) double their true length
(D) a completely random, unspecified length
38. A scale described as 1:1 in technical drawing indicates that the drawing is
(A) drawn at full size, the same size as the actual object
(B) drawn at half the size of the actual object
(C) drawn at twice the size of the actual object
(D) not to any consistent scale at all
39. A scale described as 1:2 indicates that the drawing is
(A) twice the size of the actual object
(B) half the size of the actual object
(C) the same size as the actual object
(D) unrelated to the actual object’s size
40. A scale described as 2:1 indicates that the drawing is
(A) half the size of the actual object
(B) the same size as the actual object
(C) twice the size of the actual object
(D) drawn without any defined proportion
41. Dimensioning in technical drawing refers to the process of
(A) indicating the actual sizes and measurements of the features of a drawn object
(B) adding colour to a drawing
(C) erasing construction lines only
(D) adding a title block only
42. An extension line in dimensioning is used to
(A) extend from the object outline to allow the dimension line and figure to be placed clearly outside the outline
(B) represent a hidden edge of the object
(C) show the centre of a circular feature
(D) represent the cutting plane of a section
43. A leader line in technical drawing is generally used to
(A) connect a note, symbol or dimension to a specific feature on the drawing
(B) represent the main visible outline of an object
(C) represent a centre line only
(D) indicate the border of the drawing sheet
44. A locus (plural: loci) in geometry refers to
(A) the path traced by a point moving according to a specified condition or rule
(B) a fixed, single point with no movement at all
(C) a type of drawing instrument
(D) the border of a drawing sheet
45. The locus of a point that moves so that it remains at a constant distance from a fixed point is a
(A) straight line
(B) circle
(C) parabola
(D) ellipse
46. Development (surface development) in technical drawing refers to
(A) unfolding or unrolling the surface of a solid object onto a flat plane to obtain its true shape
(B) adding colour and shading to a solid object
(C) measuring the volume of a solid object only
(D) sketching a solid freehand with no measurement
47. The development of a cylinder generally produces which basic flat shape for its curved surface?
(A) A rectangle
(B) A triangle
(C) A circle only, with no rectangle involved
(D) An irregular curved shape with no defined boundary
48. The development of a cone’s curved surface generally produces a
(A) rectangle
(B) sector of a circle
(C) square
(D) regular hexagon
49. Development drawings are particularly useful in industries such as
(A) sheet metal work and packaging, where flat material is folded or rolled into a required solid shape
(B) music composition only
(C) culinary food preparation only
(D) literature and creative writing only
50. Lettering in technical drawing should generally be
(A) clear, uniform in style and size, and easily legible
(B) written in an elaborate, decorative cursive style at all times
(C) as small as possible to save space, regardless of legibility
(D) completely inconsistent in size throughout a drawing
51. The title block on a technical drawing sheet typically contains information such as
(A) the drawing title, scale, and the name of the drafter
(B) the chemical composition of the drawing paper
(C) a list of unrelated drawings from other projects
(D) the price of the drawing instruments used
52. Freehand sketching in technical drawing is valuable mainly because it allows for
(A) quick recording and communication of an idea without the need for drawing instruments
(B) perfectly precise, instrument-accurate measurements every time
(C) replacing all formal instrument drawing permanently
(D) avoiding the need to understand proportion at all
53. A working drawing in technical drawing generally provides
(A) sufficient information, including dimensions, to allow an object to be manufactured or constructed
(B) only a rough, undimensioned sketch with no practical use
(C) purely artistic, non-technical illustration
(D) information unrelated to the actual size of the object
54. An assembly drawing in technical/engineering drawing shows
(A) how different individual parts fit together to form a complete unit or machine
(B) only a single isolated part with no relation to others
(C) the colour scheme of a finished product only
(D) a drawing with no dimensions or details at all
55. A detail drawing, as opposed to an assembly drawing, typically shows
(A) a single component in full detail, complete with dimensions needed for its manufacture
(B) the entire assembled unit only, with no focus on individual parts
(C) only a rough outline with no dimensions
(D) an unrelated decorative pattern
56. In building drawing, a site plan mainly shows
(A) the position of the building in relation to its plot of land and surrounding features
(B) only the interior furniture arrangement
(C) the individual bolts and screws used in construction
(D) the colour of the building’s paint only
57. In building drawing, a floor plan mainly shows
(A) the layout of rooms and features as viewed from directly above at a given floor level
(B) only the external roof design
(C) the electrical wiring colour codes exclusively
(D) the exact weight of the building materials
58. Standard drawing sheet sizes, such as A1, A2, A3 and A4, follow an internationally recognized system mainly to
(A) ensure consistency and compatibility of paper sizes across drawings and equipment
(B) allow every drafter to use a completely different, unrelated size
(C) eliminate the need for any standard practice
(D) increase the cost of drawing paper unnecessarily
59. Among the standard sizes A1, A2, A3 and A4, the largest sheet size is generally
(A) A4
(B) A3
(C) A2
(D) A1
60. Technical drawing, as a school subject, is primarily concerned with developing a student’s ability to
(A) communicate technical and design ideas accurately through standardized graphical methods
(B) write descriptive essays only
(C) compose musical notation
(D) memorize historical dates with no graphical component
SECTION A: ANSWER KEY
| Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans |
| 1 | A | 11 | A | 21 | B | 31 | C | 41 | A | 51 | A |
| 2 | A | 12 | A | 22 | B | 32 | A | 42 | A | 52 | A |
| 3 | B | 13 | A | 23 | A | 33 | C | 43 | A | 53 | A |
| 4 | A | 14 | A | 24 | A | 34 | A | 44 | A | 54 | A |
| 5 | B | 15 | A | 25 | B | 35 | A | 45 | B | 55 | A |
| 6 | A | 16 | A | 26 | A | 36 | A | 46 | A | 56 | A |
| 7 | A | 17 | B | 27 | B | 37 | B | 47 | A | 57 | A |
| 8 | B | 18 | B | 28 | B | 38 | A | 48 | B | 58 | A |
| 9 | A | 19 | B | 29 | B | 39 | B | 49 | A | 59 | D |
| 10 | B | 20 | C | 30 | A | 40 | C | 50 | A | 60 | A |
SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS AND MODEL ANSWERS
Question 1: Drawing Instruments and Lines
(a) State the uses of the following drawing instruments: (i) T-square (ii) set square (iii) pair of compasses (iv) French curve. (12 marks)
(b) Describe the appearance and one use of each of the following types of line used in technical drawing: (i) a dashed (broken) line (ii) a long-chain thin line (centre line). (8 marks)
Model Answer / Marking Guide:
(a)(i) A T-square is used mainly for drawing accurate horizontal lines and, together with set squares, for guiding vertical and angled lines across a drawing board.
(ii) A set square, used along with a T-square, is mainly used for drawing straight lines at standard angles, such as 30, 45, 60 and 90 degrees.
(iii) A pair of compasses is mainly used for drawing circles and arcs of a required radius.
(iv) A French curve is mainly used for drawing smooth, irregular curves that cannot be produced using a compass, such as certain freeform or non-circular curved outlines.
(b)(i) A dashed (broken) line consists of a series of short, evenly spaced dashes. It is mainly used to represent hidden (invisible) edges or surfaces of an object that cannot be seen directly from the viewing direction shown.
(ii) A long-chain thin line consists of alternating long and short dashes. It is mainly used to represent centre lines, indicating the axis of symmetry of an object or the centre of circular features such as holes.
Allocation: Each instrument’s use correctly stated (3 marks each = 12 marks); each line type correctly described with a valid use (4 marks each = 8 marks).
Question 2: Orthographic Projection
(a) Explain the term orthographic projection. (5 marks)
(b) Distinguish between First Angle Projection and Third Angle Projection, stating the relative position of the plan (top view) to the front view in each case. (10 marks)
(c) State one advantage of using orthographic projection over a single pictorial (3D) drawing when manufacturing a component. (5 marks)
Model Answer / Marking Guide:
(a) Orthographic projection is a method of technical drawing in which a three-dimensional object is represented using two or more related two-dimensional views, such as the front view (elevation), the top view (plan), and the side view (end elevation), each obtained by projecting the object onto a plane at right angles to the line of sight.
(b) In First Angle Projection, the object is imagined to lie between the observer and the plane of projection, and as a result, the plan (top view) is placed below the front view on the drawing sheet. In Third Angle Projection, the plane of projection is imagined to lie between the observer and the object, and as a result, the plan (top view) is placed above the front view on the drawing sheet.
(c) One advantage of orthographic projection is that, because each view can be accurately dimensioned and shows true shapes and sizes of specific faces of the object, it provides the precise, unambiguous information needed by a manufacturer to produce the component correctly, which a single pictorial view often cannot provide as accurately due to distortion of certain faces.
Allocation: Correct and complete explanation of orthographic projection (5 marks); correct distinction between First and Third Angle Projection, including correct plan position in each (5 marks each = 10 marks); valid, clearly explained advantage (5 marks).
Question 3: Geometric Construction
(a) Describe, in a clear step-by-step sequence, how you would construct the perpendicular bisector of a given straight line AB using a pair of compasses and a straight edge. (10 marks)
(b) Distinguish between a tangent and a chord of a circle, with the aid of a simple description. (6 marks)
(c) State one practical application of tangency in technical or mechanical drawing. (4 marks)
Model Answer / Marking Guide:
(a) Steps to construct the perpendicular bisector of line AB:
- Step 1: With the compass point on A, and a radius set to more than half the length of AB, draw an arc above and below the line.
- Step 2: Without changing the compass radius, place the compass point on B and draw two more arcs, above and below the line, intersecting the first pair of arcs at two points.
- Step 3: Draw a straight line through these two intersection points. This line is the perpendicular bisector of AB, crossing it at its exact midpoint at a right angle.
(b) A tangent is a straight line that touches the circumference of a circle at exactly one single point, without crossing into the circle’s interior. A chord, on the other hand, is a straight line segment that joins two distinct points on the circle’s circumference, passing through the interior of the circle.
(c) One practical application of tangency: the construction of a smooth, continuous curved join between a straight line and a circular arc (or between two arcs) in engineering component design, such as at the rounded corner of a mechanical bracket, relies on the principle of tangency to avoid any abrupt or discontinuous change in direction.
Allocation: Correct, clearly described construction steps (3 to 4 marks each, up to 10 marks); correct distinction between tangent and chord (3 marks each = 6 marks); valid practical application of tangency (4 marks).
Question 4: Pictorial Projection: Isometric Drawing
(a) Explain the term isometric projection. (6 marks)
(b) State the angle at which the three principal axes are drawn in isometric projection relative to one another. (4 marks)
(c) State two differences between isometric projection and oblique projection. (10 marks)
Model Answer / Marking Guide:
(a) Isometric projection is a pictorial (three-dimensional-looking) method of technical drawing in which an object is represented on a single view with its three principal dimensions (length, width and height) drawn to the same true scale along three axes.
(b) In isometric projection, the three principal axes are drawn at equal angles of 120 degrees to one another.
(c) Two differences between isometric and oblique projection:
- In isometric projection, all three axes are inclined to the picture plane and measured to true scale, whereas in oblique projection, one face of the object is drawn true to shape and size, parallel to the picture plane, while only the receding axis is drawn at an angle.
- In oblique projection, the receding lines are often drawn at a reduced length (such as half true length in cabinet projection) to reduce visual distortion, whereas in isometric projection, all three axes are measured using the same, undistorted true scale.
Allocation: Correct explanation of isometric projection (6 marks); correct angle stated (4 marks); each valid, clearly explained difference (5 marks each, up to 10 marks).
Question 5: Development of Surfaces
(a) Explain the term development (surface development) as used in technical drawing. (6 marks)
(b) State the basic flat shape produced when developing the curved surface of: (i) a cylinder (ii) a cone. (8 marks)
(c) State two practical industries or applications where surface development drawings are particularly useful. (6 marks)
Model Answer / Marking Guide:
(a) Development (surface development) refers to the process of unfolding or unrolling the surface of a three-dimensional solid object onto a flat plane, so as to obtain the true, flat shape and size of that surface, typically for the purpose of cutting and folding a flat material into the required solid shape.
(b)(i) The development of the curved surface of a cylinder produces a rectangle, whose length equals the circumference of the cylinder’s circular base and whose width equals the height of the cylinder.
(ii) The development of the curved surface of a cone produces a sector of a circle, whose radius equals the slant height of the cone.
(c) Two practical applications of surface development: sheet metal work, such as the fabrication of ducts, containers, and metal casings, where flat sheet metal is cut and folded or rolled into the required solid shape; and packaging design, where flat cardboard or paper is cut and folded into boxes, cartons, or other container shapes.
Allocation: Correct explanation of development (6 marks); each correctly named shape (4 marks each = 8 marks); each valid application correctly explained (3 marks each = 6 marks).
OVERALL MARKING GUIDE SUMMARY
| Section | Content | Marks |
| Section A | 60 Objective (Multiple Choice) Questions at 1 mark each | 60 |
| Section B | 5 Essay Questions at 20 marks each (answer any 4, or as specified by the examiner) | 80 (max obtainable if all attempted, subject to instructions) |
| Total | Combined Theory and Objective Paper | 100 (typical scaled total) |
Disclaimer: This is a 100% original practice examination prepared strictly in line with the general structure and scope of the current WAEC GCE Technical Drawing syllabus. It is intended solely for revision and self-assessment purposes. It does not reproduce, predict, or claim to represent any actual past or upcoming WAEC GCE examination paper.
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