NECO 2026 Biology Practical Questions and Answers
Instructions to Candidates
- Answer all questions.
- Write your observations clearly.
- Draw biological specimens where required.
- Label diagrams correctly.
- State functions where applicable.
- Time Allowed: 2 Hours.
- Total Marks: 60.
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Specimens
Specimen A: Fresh Hibiscus Flower
Specimen B: Maize Grain
Specimen C: Bean Seed
Specimen D: Tilapia Fish
Specimen E: Grasshopper
Specimen F: Mammalian Heart (Model)
Specimen G: Onion Epidermis Slide
Specimen H: Prepared Slide of Human Blood
Question 1
1(a)
Study Specimen A carefully.
Identify the specimen and state its biological classification.
Answer
Identification: Hibiscus Flower
Classification:
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Division: Angiospermophyta
- Class: Dicotyledonae
- Family: Malvaceae
- Genus: Hibiscus
1(b)
Draw Specimen A and label six observable parts.
Answer
Labels expected:
- Petal
- Sepal
- Stigma
- Style
- Ovary
- Anther
Examiner’s Note: Candidate must draw at least 8 cm long with clear labels.
Question 2
2(a)
Observe Specimens B and C.
State three observable differences between them.
Answer
| Maize Grain (B) | Bean Seed (C) |
|---|---|
| Monocotyledon | Dicotyledon |
| One cotyledon | Two cotyledons |
| Small embryo | Large embryo |
2(b)
State three economic importance of each specimen.
Answer
Maize
- Human food
- Livestock feed
- Raw material for industries
Bean
- Source of protein
- Human food
- Improves soil fertility through nitrogen fixation
2026 NECO Practical Biology Questions and Answers
Question 3
3(a)
Study Specimen D.
Identify the specimen and state its habitat.
Answer
Specimen: Tilapia Fish
Habitat: Freshwater habitat
3(b)
State four adaptive features of the specimen for its mode of life.
Answer
- Streamlined body reduces water resistance.
- Fins aid swimming and balance.
- Gills enable respiration in water.
- Scales protect the body.
Question 4
4(a)
Observe Specimen E.
Identify the specimen and classify it.
Answer
Specimen: Grasshopper
Classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
4(b)
State four characteristics of the class to which the specimen belongs.
Answer
- Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen.
- Three pairs of legs.
- One pair of antennae.
- Presence of exoskeleton.
Question 5
5(a)
Identify the specimen.
Answer
Mammalian Heart
5(b)
State four functions of the specimen.
Answer
- Pumps blood throughout the body.
- Maintains blood circulation.
- Supplies oxygen to tissues.
- Removes carbon dioxide through circulation.
Question 6
6(a)
Observe Specimen G under the microscope.
Draw and label the specimen.
Answer
Expected Labels:
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Vacuole
6(b)
State four differences between an onion epidermal cell and an animal cell.
Answer
| Onion Cell | Animal Cell |
|---|---|
| Has cell wall | No cell wall |
| Fixed shape | Irregular shape |
| Large vacuole | Small vacuoles |
| More rigid | Flexible |
2026 NECO Practical Biology Questions and Answers
Question 7
7(a)
Observe Specimen H.
Identify the specimen.
Answer
Human Blood Smear
7(b)
State the functions of the following blood components:
(i) Red Blood Cells
(iii) Platelets
Answer
Red Blood Cells
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
White Blood Cells
Fight diseases and infections.
Platelets
Aid blood clotting.
Question 8
8(a)
Perform a food test on an unknown food sample.
State the test used for starch and the expected observation.
Answer
Test: Iodine Test
Observation: Blue-black coloration appears.
Inference: Starch present.
8(b)
Perform a test for reducing sugar.
State:
(i) Reagent used
(ii) Observation
(iii) Inference
Answer
Reagent
Benedict’s Solution
Observation
Brick-red precipitate formed after heating.
Inference
Reducing sugar present.
Complete Examiner’s Marking Guide
Common Practical Skills Expected
- Biological drawing and labeling.
- Classification of plants and animals.
- Identification of adaptive features.
- Comparative study of specimens.
- Food tests and interpretation.
- Microscope observation.
- Identification of tissues and organs.
- Economic importance of biological specimens.
- Accurate observation and inference.
- Proper use of biological terms.
Frequently Tested Areas in NECO Biology Practical
- Flowers and fruits
- Seeds (Monocot and Dicot)
- Insects
- Fish
- Mammalian organs
- Cell observation
- Food tests
- Ecological specimens
This format follows the standard structure commonly used in NECO Biology Practical examinations, where each question is divided into (a) identification/observation and (b) explanation, comparison, function, drawing, or interpretation sections.
