Introduction
In the second term of JSS 1, students are introduced to a broad range of topics that focus on both physical education and community health. These topics aim to equip students with a solid foundation in understanding different types of sports, the importance of maintaining personal health, and the role of hygiene in ensuring a safe and healthy environment. This article covers these topics in-depth, providing detailed explanations, examples, reading assignments, and evaluation questions.
Week 1: Revision of Last Term’s Work
Overview: This week focuses on revisiting important concepts from the first term to ensure a solid foundation for the new topics. It is essential for students to retain key ideas from earlier lessons and relate them to the new topics covered in this term.
Key Topics to Revise:
- Basic Physical Education Terminology: Terms such as “physical fitness,” “exercise,” and “health.”
- Introduction to Sports: Reviewing different categories of sports, such as individual and team sports.
- Importance of Physical Health: Understanding the benefits of exercise and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Examples:
- Revising the difference between individual sports (e.g., tennis) and team sports (e.g., basketball).
Reading Assignment:
- Revise the key concepts of health and fitness from the first term. Write a summary of how physical activity contributes to overall well-being.
Evaluation Questions:
- Name two benefits of physical exercise.
- What is the difference between individual and team sports?
- How does regular exercise improve health?
Week 2: Ball Games: Volleyball
Overview: This week focuses on volleyball, a popular team sport. Students will learn the rules, techniques, and the benefits of playing volleyball.
Key Concepts:
- History and Origins of Volleyball: Invented by William G. Morgan in 1895, volleyball was initially designed as a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball.
- Basic Rules: The game involves two teams of six players, each trying to score points by sending the ball over a net into the opponent’s court.
Example:
- Students can be shown the basic skills involved in volleyball, such as serving, passing, and spiking the ball.
Reading Assignment:
- Research the history of volleyball and write about how it evolved into a professional sport globally.
Evaluation Questions:
- What are the basic rules of volleyball?
- Explain the purpose of a “serve” in volleyball.
- Name two skills needed to play volleyball effectively.
Week 3: Ball Games: Soccer
Overview: Soccer, known as football in many countries, is one of the most popular sports worldwide. In this lesson, students will learn the fundamental rules, strategies, and physical benefits of playing soccer.
Key Concepts:
- The Objective of Soccer: The aim is to score more goals than the opposing team within a 90-minute match.
- Key Positions: Students will learn about the different positions in soccer, such as forwards, midfielders, defenders, and goalkeepers.
Example:
- Students can practice basic skills like dribbling, passing, and shooting.
Reading Assignment:
- Research the role of a goalkeeper in soccer and prepare a presentation on how they contribute to the team’s defense.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is the main objective of playing soccer?
- Explain the role of a defender in soccer.
- Name three basic soccer skills players need to master.
Week 4: Contact Sports
Overview: This lesson introduces students to contact sports, which involve physical contact between players. Students will learn the importance of safety measures and how these sports develop strength and resilience.
Key Concepts:
- Types of Contact Sports: Includes sports like rugby, boxing, and American football, where players are physically involved in direct contact with each other.
- Safety and Precautions: Emphasis on wearing protective gear like helmets and padding to prevent injuries.
Example:
- In rugby, players must tackle opponents to stop their progress. Protective gear like mouthguards and shoulder pads are used to minimize injury.
Reading Assignment:
- Research the history of rugby and its safety regulations. Write a brief summary of how the sport ensures player safety.
Evaluation Questions:
- Name two examples of contact sports.
- Why is safety important in contact sports?
- What protective gear is worn in contact sports?
Week 5: Non-Contact Sports
Overview: Non-contact sports are those that do not involve physical contact with other participants. This lesson explores sports like tennis, swimming, and athletics, focusing on the skills required and the health benefits.
Key Concepts:
- Benefits of Non-Contact Sports: These sports promote cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, and stamina without the risk of injury from physical contact.
- Popular Non-Contact Sports: Tennis, athletics, swimming, and gymnastics.
Example:
- In tennis, players focus on agility, hand-eye coordination, and endurance. The sport does not involve direct physical interaction with opponents.
Reading Assignment:
- Write a report on the benefits of swimming as a non-contact sport, including how it enhances cardiovascular health.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is the difference between contact and non-contact sports?
- Name one benefit of playing non-contact sports.
- How does tennis improve physical fitness?
Week 6: Introduction to Personal, School, and Community Health
Overview: This week focuses on the fundamental concepts of health, including personal hygiene, school health, and community health practices.
Key Concepts:
- Personal Health: Importance of good hygiene, regular exercise, and a balanced diet.
- School Health: Maintaining a clean and safe environment in schools to prevent illness and promote well-being.
- Community Health: The role of local communities in promoting health through sanitation, vaccination programs, and health education.
Example:
- Practicing regular hand washing to prevent the spread of diseases in school and at home.
Reading Assignment:
- Research the importance of vaccination in community health. Write about its role in preventing diseases.
Evaluation Questions:
- Why is personal hygiene important for maintaining health?
- How can schools contribute to promoting health among students?
- What role does the community play in ensuring health and safety?
Week 7: Sewage Disposal
Overview: Sewage disposal is a critical part of maintaining a clean and healthy environment. This topic covers the different methods of disposing of waste water and sewage.
Key Concepts:
- Methods of Sewage Disposal: Includes septic tanks, sewage treatment plants, and simple pit latrines.
- Importance of Proper Disposal: Preventing the spread of diseases and maintaining environmental health.
Example:
- A city may use a sewage treatment plant to clean waste water before it is released back into the environment.
Reading Assignment:
- Research the impact of poor sewage disposal on public health and write a report on how it can be improved in urban areas.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is sewage disposal, and why is it important?
- Name two methods of sewage disposal.
- What health risks are associated with improper sewage disposal?
Week 8: Refuse Disposal
Overview: Refuse disposal refers to the collection, transportation, and processing of waste materials. Students will learn about the different methods used to manage solid waste.
Key Concepts:
- Types of Waste: Biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
- Methods of Disposal: Includes landfills, incineration, and recycling.
Example:
- A community recycling program may collect plastic bottles, cans, and paper, which are then reused to make new products.
Reading Assignment:
- Write a report on the environmental impact of refuse disposal in your community, focusing on waste management strategies.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste?
- How can recycling help in refuse disposal?
- Why is proper refuse disposal important for public health?
Week 9: Sources of Water Supply
Overview: In this final week of the second term, students explore the different sources of water supply and the importance of clean water for human survival and health.
Key Concepts:
- Sources of Water: Rivers, lakes, underground reservoirs (aquifers), and rainfall.
- Water Treatment: The process of purifying water to make it safe for drinking.
Example:
- A community may use a borehole to access underground water, which is then treated and distributed to residents.
Reading Assignment:
- Research the sources of water in your area and discuss how water is treated before use.
Evaluation Questions:
- Name three sources of water supply.
- Why is water treatment necessary before drinking?
- How does access to clean water affect public health?
Conclusion
By the end of the second term, JSS 1 students will have gained a solid understanding of the importance of physical activities, personal hygiene, and environmental health practices. These lessons will not only foster physical well-being but also instill the significance of maintaining a clean and safe environment for individuals and communities.
Reading Assignment (Final):
- Prepare a presentation on how each of the topics covered this term can help improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities.
Evaluation Questions (Final):
- Explain why sports are important for personal health.
- What are the effects of poor refuse disposal on the environment?
- How can proper water supply management improve public health?