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SS2 Scheme of Work for Second Term – Geography: A Comprehensive Overview

David TodiBy No Comments80 Mins Read

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

In the second term of SS2 Geography, students delve into critical environmental and industrial topics. They will explore the intricacies of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

of renewable and non-renewable resources, environmental issues, agricultural practices, and transportation systems. Additionally, they will examine manufacturing industries and the essential skills for mapping and navigation. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of each topic, supported by explanations and practical examples.

Scheme of Work: SS2 Second Term – Geography

Week(s) Topic(s) Content
Week 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Study of natural resources, categorizing them as renewable or non-renewable, and understanding their importance to the economy and environment.
Week 2 Environmental Problems (Hazards) Exploration of various environmental hazards, their causes, impacts, and solutions, with a focus on local and global environmental issues.
Week 3 Agriculture Understanding agricultural practices, the types of farming, and the role of agriculture in the economy and food security.
Week 4 Transportation in Nigeria Examining the transportation systems in Nigeria, focusing on the modes of transport, challenges, and infrastructure development.
Week 5 Manufacturing Industries Study of the manufacturing industry, focusing on the types of industries, their importance, and the role of industrialization in economic growth.
Week 6 Manufacturing Industries (II) A deeper look into the factors influencing the growth of manufacturing industries, such as location, raw materials, and labor force.
Week 7 Measurement of Direction and Bearing Learning about the methods of measuring direction and bearing, including the use of compasses and navigational instruments.
Week 8 Representation of Relief The study of topographic maps and how relief features like mountains, valleys, and plains are represented.
Week 9 Revision Review of all topics studied during the term, with a focus on important concepts, definitions, and key ideas.
Week 10 Examination Final examination to assess students’ understanding and knowledge gained throughout the term.

Detailed Explanation of Topics

Week 1: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

What are Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources? Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally within a human lifespan, such as solar energy and wind. Non-renewable resources are finite and cannot be replaced once they are exhausted, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Examples:

  1. Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, a renewable resource.
  2. Wind Energy: Wind can be harnessed for power, also renewable.
  3. Coal: A non-renewable fossil fuel.
  4. Oil: Another non-renewable resource.
  5. Forests: Renewable if managed sustainably, but they can be depleted if overharvested.
  6. Water: Although renewable, it can become scarce due to overuse or contamination.

Week 2: Environmental Problems (Hazards)

What are Environmental Hazards? Environmental hazards are events or conditions that have a negative impact on the environment and human health. These include natural disasters and human-made pollutants.

Examples:

  1. Flooding: Caused by heavy rains or poor drainage systems, leading to property damage and loss of life.
  2. Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases from factories, vehicles, and industrial activities.
  3. Deforestation: The large-scale removal of forests, leading to loss of biodiversity.
  4. Soil Erosion: The removal of topsoil by wind or water, which affects agricultural productivity.
  5. Global Warming: The increase in Earth’s average temperature due to human activities like burning fossil fuels.
  6. Oil Spills: Accidental release of petroleum into the environment, causing long-term ecological damage.

Week 3: Agriculture

What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the practice of cultivating the land, growing crops, and raising animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products.

Examples:

  1. Subsistence Farming: Farming for local consumption, not for sale.
  2. Commercial Farming: Large-scale farming for profit, usually involving cash crops.
  3. Livestock Farming: Raising animals such as cows, sheep, and goats for food and products.
  4. Mixed Farming: Combining both crop cultivation and animal husbandry.
  5. Intensive Farming: Farming that uses large amounts of labor and capital to maximize crop yield on small land areas.
  6. Organic Farming: Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals and focus on environmentally sustainable methods.

Week 4: Transportation in Nigeria

What is Transportation? Transportation involves the movement of people, goods, and services from one location to another. In Nigeria, various transportation systems play a role in the economic development of the country.

Examples:

  1. Road Transport: Includes the use of vehicles like buses, trucks, and motorcycles for local and long-distance travel.
  2. Rail Transport: The use of trains for both passengers and goods, including recent upgrades in Nigeria’s rail system.
  3. Air Transport: The use of airplanes for domestic and international flights.
  4. Water Transport: Shipping goods via waterways like rivers, lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  5. Public Transport: Bus services and taxis that provide affordable travel options for Nigerians.
  6. Challenges: Poor infrastructure, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.

Week 5: Manufacturing Industries

What is Manufacturing? Manufacturing involves the production of goods from raw materials using various processes, machinery, and labor.

Examples:

  1. Food Processing: The transformation of raw agricultural products into food items, such as flour milling.
  2. Textile Industry: The production of clothing and fabrics from raw materials like cotton.
  3. Cement Manufacturing: The production of cement for construction projects.
  4. Steel Production: Manufacturing of steel used in infrastructure and construction.
  5. Electronics: Production of electronic goods such as phones and computers.
  6. Oil Refining: Turning crude oil into usable products like gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.

Week 6: Manufacturing Industries (II)

What Factors Affect Manufacturing? The growth of manufacturing industries is influenced by several factors, including the availability of raw materials, labor, and infrastructure.

Examples:

  1. Proximity to Raw Materials: Manufacturing industries tend to be located near the source of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
  2. Availability of Cheap Labor: Factories are often set up in areas with an abundant and affordable labor force.
  3. Transportation Networks: Good road, rail, and port infrastructure support manufacturing industries.
  4. Government Policies: Government regulations and incentives can influence the growth of manufacturing.
  5. Technological Advancements: The use of modern machinery increases production efficiency.
  6. Energy Supply: Reliable power sources are critical for industrial activities.

Week 7: Measurement of Direction and Bearing

What is Direction and Bearing? Direction and bearing are used to determine location and orientation. These measurements are crucial for navigation, mapping, and surveying.

Examples:

  1. Compass: An instrument used to find directions using the Earth’s magnetic field.
  2. Grid System: A system of coordinates used in mapping to find locations accurately.
  3. Bearing: The angle between a reference direction (usually north) and the direction of an object.
  4. True North: The direction along the Earth’s surface towards the geographic North Pole.
  5. Magnetic North: The direction a magnetic compass points, different from true north.
  6. Azimuth: The angle between the north direction and the line to the object, measured in degrees.

Week 8: Representation of Relief

What is Relief Representation? Relief representation refers to the depiction of the Earth’s surface features such as mountains, valleys, plains, and hills on maps.

Examples:

  1. Contour Lines: Used to show elevation and the shape of the terrain on maps.
  2. Spot Heights: Points marked on maps to indicate the height above sea level.
  3. Shaded Relief: Using shadows to depict elevation changes on a map.
  4. Hill Shading: A technique used to represent the shape of terrain using varying shades of color.
  5. Triangulation: A method used to determine the height of a point on the Earth’s surface.
  6. Depression Contours: Indicate areas where the land dips below the surrounding terrain.

Week 9: Revision

What is Revision? This week focuses on reviewing all the topics covered during the term, ensuring students grasp the key concepts and are well-prepared for their examination.

Week 10: Examination

What is the Examination? The examination assesses students’ understanding and knowledge of the topics studied throughout the term. Students will be tested on their ability to apply geographic concepts to real-world scenarios.

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