Investigating the Deictic Features of Bola Ahmad Tinubu Campaign for 2023 general Election- A research project.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one: Introduction
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Aim and Objectives
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Language of pragmatics
2.2 Speech Act
2.3 Politeness
2.4 pragmatics and pragmatics Analysis
2.5 The concept Deixis
2.6 Types of Deixis
i. Person Deixis
ii. Spatial Deixis
iii. Temporal Deixis
iv. Discourse Deixis
v. Social Deixis
2.7 Significance of Deixis in communication
2.8 Language of Politics
2.9 Summary
Chapter Three: Research Method
3.1 Method of Data Collection
3.2 Method of Analysis
3.2 Samples and sampling techniques
Result of the Analysis
Chapter Four: Presentation of Data, Research Design Analysis and Discussion of Data
4.1 Analysis of deictic expression in Bola Tinubu’s presidential campaign
Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Suggestions for further research
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Language is one of the most complex of all human specific phenomena, Language goes beyond semiotic possibility of conveying information at a communicative level to have an art form that exists by it alone which is known as the literary art. It also deals with overall communicative and social content and its effect on interpretation, which is abstracting the meaningful use of language in situation that includes voice modulation and pitch and gesticulation.
According to Taylor and Taylor (1990); a language is a system of sign used to convey messages. By uttering language either spoken or written, people deliver their thought from one person to another. Language becomes an important instrument in daily communication as a medium of transferring and receiving meaning. In other words, language becomes a means of communication since it is needed to create a good relationship with others.
Speech depends on knowledge of the context, that is where, when, and by whom is a sentence uttered. These three dimensions are seen as the deictic centre of all linguistics events. To achieve the meaning of language use in context, there is the need to consider the deictic expression used in natural language and achieved by pointing variables along its dimensions. That is, understanding the meaning of certain expressions in an utterance requires contextual information, (Verschueren, 1999); Words or phrases that require contextual information to convey any meaning such as pronouns, are said to be deictic one. Therefore, the main focus is on what was said is reinterpreted on what is intended that enable listeners or reader to discover this intended effect by applying a set of rules that characterize cooperative dialogues. Meaning of language is based on contextual sense making and the complexity of language always bears upon every utterance.
However, language politics is the way language and words are used in the political arena. George Orwell in 1984 wrote famously that leaders change vocabulary to shape the masses thought process. Chomsky (2004) explain in his book Language and politics how words are the currency of power in elections, communication and speechwriting are the keys to swaying voters. Political discourse operates indexically, meaning that every single word being used either implicitly or explicitly expresses some political view point. It is always aimed at interaction, including interruption, debate, and negotiation and also tends to be vague.
Chilton (1998) is of the view that language is the universal capacity of humans in all societies to communicate, while politics is the art of governance, therefore language of politics is an instrument to interact or transact in various situation and/or in different organization being conventionally recognized as political environment. Language of politics is a strategy that one group of people takes to make the other group of people does what it intends to be done thus is known as linguistic strategy. That is, application of the language is the conscious use of language in a devious way to control the others. Pragmatically, linguistic manipulation is based on the use of direct speech acts, which are focused on perlocutionary effects of what is said.
The notion of deixis can be used to link the uses of language to the context in which they occur, Levinson (1983) is of the view that deixis concerns the relationship between the structure of languages and context in which they are used, that is deixis belongs within the domain of pragmatics. Deixis means the identification of persons, objects, events, processes and activities talked about or referred to, in relation to the spatio-temporal context created and sustained by the act of utterance and the participation in it typically of a single speaker and at least one addressee.
Karl (1934) in his Theory of Language: The representational Function of language refers to deictic that centre as the Origo(The reference point in relation to which a deictic expression is to be interpreted). According to Karl (1934), he gave the following phrase as “Here Now I”, here is for spatial deixis, now for temporal deixis and I for person deixis. Also, Hank (2005) gave his view in order to accentuate the importance of deixis in context said “deixis occupies a central place in the study of context because it is the single most obvious way in which the speech setting is embedded in language structure itself”.
Scholars have seen deixis as instrument of persuasion and ideological posturing, and campaigns are veritable tools in the hands of politicians in their attempt to sell their views and feelings to the public, with the sole aim of reshaping the mind of the electorate to agree with their views. Politics being the ideas and activities relating to gaining power in a country of a place occurs through the instrumentality linguistic resources.
Therefore, this research work embarked on an analysis of deixis in selected Bola Ahmed Tinubu’spresidential campaign of 2023 general election in Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Deixis assumes a special function in the coordination of cognitive representation that can be understood as a communicative procedure in which the speaker focuses the attention of the addressee by means of verbal expression and gesture. Politicians use campaign as instruments for propaganda and persuasion intheir quest to lend out their opinion and carjole the minds of the electorate to their best ability. There are varieties of language units, mostly with very abstract meanings that……
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